What is a use case in business analysis?

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A Business Analyst (BA) is the bridge between the business side and the technical side, making sure both groups understand each other and stay aligned. Clear communication is the BA’s superpower, and here’s how they make it happen:

A Business Analyst (BA) plays a critical role in supporting testing and quality assurance (QA) throughout the software development lifecycle. Their involvement helps ensure that the product meets business requirements, user expectations, and quality standards. Here’s how a Business Analyst can support testing and QA 

In business analysis, a use case is a detailed description of how a user (called an actor) interacts with a system to achieve a specific goal.

It focuses on the step-by-step flow of actions and responses between the user and the system, showing how the system should behave in different situations.

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Key Parts of a Use Case

1. Actor – The person, group, or system interacting with the system.

2. Goal – The outcome the actor wants to achieve.

3. Main Flow – The normal sequence of steps from start to finish when everything goes right.

4. Alternate Flows – Other valid paths that might occur under certain conditions.

5. Exception Flows – What happens if something goes wrong (errors or failures).

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Example

Use Case Name: Place an Online Order

• Actor: Customer

• Goal: Buy a product from the e-commerce site

• Main Flow:

  1. Customer logs in.

  2. Selects product.

  3. Adds product to cart.

  4. Proceeds to checkout and pays.

  5. System confirms order.

• Alternate Flow: Customer checks out as guest.

• Exception Flow: Payment is declined.

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In short: A use case is like a storyboard for a system, showing exactly how a user will interact with it to achieve something — and helping both business and technical teams understand requirements clearly.

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