What is a use case in business analysis?

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A Business Analyst (BA) is the bridge between the business side and the technical side, making sure both groups understand each other and stay aligned. Clear communication is the BA’s superpower, and here’s how they make it happen:

A Business Analyst (BA) plays a critical role in supporting testing and quality assurance (QA) throughout the software development lifecycle. Their involvement helps ensure that the product meets business requirements, user expectations, and quality standards. Here’s how a Business Analyst can support testing and QA

A use case in business analysis is a detailed description of how a user (or system) interacts with a system to achieve a specific goal. It captures the functional requirements of a system by outlining step-by-step interactions between the actor (user or external system) and the system itself.

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🧩 Key Components of a Use Case:

1. Actor:

   • The user or system that interacts with the application (e.g., customer, employee, external service).

2. Goal:

   • The specific outcome the actor wants to achieve (e.g., place an order, generate a report).

3. Preconditions:

   • Conditions that must be true before the use case begins (e.g., user must be logged in).

4. Main Flow (Basic Flow):

   • The normal sequence of steps from start to finish that leads to successful goal completion.

5. Alternate Flows:

   • Variations or optional paths within the process (e.g., entering a coupon code).

6. Exception Flows:

   • Error conditions or steps when things go wrong (e.g., payment declined).

7. Postconditions:

   • The state of the system after the use case completes.

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📘 Example Use Case: "Withdraw Cash from ATM"

• Actor: Bank customer

• Goal: Withdraw cash

• Main Flow:

  1. Insert ATM card

  2. Enter PIN

  3. Select "Withdraw Cash"

  4. Enter amount

  5. Confirm transaction

  6. Dispense cash and print receipt

• Exception Flow:

  • If incorrect PIN is entered three times, the session ends.

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🎯 Purpose of Use Cases:

• Helps BAs understand and communicate system behavior clearly.

• Forms the basis for test cases and system design.

• Aligns stakeholder expectations by defining clear scenarios.

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