What is a functional requirement document?

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A Business Analyst (BA) is the bridge between the business side and the technical side, making sure both groups understand each other and stay aligned. Clear communication is the BA’s superpower, and here’s how they make it happen:

A Business Analyst (BA) plays a critical role in supporting testing and quality assurance (QA) throughout the software development lifecycle. Their involvement helps ensure that the product meets business requirements, user expectations, and quality standards. Here’s how a Business Analyst can support testing and QA

A Functional Requirements Document (FRD) is a detailed description of a system’s intended capabilities, behavior, and interactions. It outlines what the system should do, focusing on the specific functions, features, and processes that meet business needs.

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📄 Key Elements of an FRD

1. Purpose and Scope
   Explains the goal of the system or feature and what it will (and won’t) cover.

2. Functional Requirements
   Lists detailed functions the system must perform—often in numbered format.
   Examples:

   • "The user shall be able to log in using email and password."

   • "The system shall generate monthly sales reports."

3. Use Cases / User Stories
   Describes how users interact with the system under various scenarios.

4. Data Requirements
   Defines what data will be input, stored, and output (e.g., field names, formats, validations).

5. Assumptions and Constraints
   Includes technical, legal, or operational constraints and assumptions that shape the requirements.

6. Dependencies
   Notes systems, teams, or processes that this functionality relies on.

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🧩 Difference from Other Documents

• Business Requirements Document (BRD) explains why the project is needed.

• FRD explains what the system must do.

• Technical Specifications or Design Docs explain how the system will be built.

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