What is the difference between functional and non-functional requirements?

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A Business Analyst (BA) is the bridge between the business side and the technical side, making sure both groups understand each other and stay aligned. Clear communication is the BA’s superpower, and here’s how they make it happen:

A Business Analyst (BA) plays a critical role in supporting testing and quality assurance (QA) throughout the software development lifecycle. Their involvement helps ensure that the product meets business requirements, user expectations, and quality standards. Here’s how a Business Analyst can support testing and QA 

Great question! In software engineering and business analysis, requirements are usually classified into functional and non-functional. Here’s the difference:

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✅ Functional Requirements

• Definition: Describe what the system should do.

• Focus: The features, behavior, and functions of the system.

• Examples:

  • The system must allow users to log in with a username and password.

  • The application must generate monthly sales reports.

  • The website must process online payments via credit card.

• Key Point: They define the services the system provides to users.

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⚙️ Non-Functional Requirements (NFRs)

• Definition: Describe how the system should perform and the quality attributes of the system.

• Focus: Performance, usability, reliability, scalability, security, etc.

• Examples:

  • The system should load the dashboard within 2 seconds.

  • The website must handle 10,000 concurrent users.

  • The system must be available 99.9% of the time.

  • Data must be encrypted during transmission.

• Key Point: They define the constraints and quality standards the system must meet.

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📊 Quick Comparison

Aspect	Functional Requirements	Non-Functional Requirements
What it defines	What the system does (features)	How the system works (quality)
Focus	Functions, processes, behavior	Performance, reliability, usability, security
Examples	User login, report generation, payment processing	Speed, scalability, availability, data protection
Measurable?	Usually binary (done/not done)	Often measurable with metrics (e.g., response time ≤ 2s)

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👉 In simple terms:

• Functional = What the system should do.

• Non-Functional = How well the system should do it.

Do you want me to also give you a real-world example (like an online banking app) to make the difference crystal clear?

Read More

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