Which techniques identify gaps between current processes and desired outcomes?

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A Business Analyst (BA) is the bridge between the business side and the technical side, making sure both groups understand each other and stay aligned. Clear communication is the BA’s superpower, and here’s how they make it happen:

A Business Analyst (BA) plays a critical role in supporting testing and quality assurance (QA) throughout the software development lifecycle. Their involvement helps ensure that the product meets business requirements, user expectations, and quality standards. Here’s how a Business Analyst can support testing and QA 

Identifying gaps between current processes and desired outcomes is the essence of gap analysis—figuring out what’s missing, inefficient, or misaligned so improvements can be planned.

Common techniques include:

1. Gap Analysis Framework – Compare the “as-is” (current state) with the “to-be” (desired state) to identify what’s missing.

2. Process Mapping & Flowcharts – Visual diagrams showing each step in the current workflow to spot inefficiencies or redundancies.

3. SWOT Analysis – Identifies strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats affecting process performance.

4. Benchmarking – Compare your process performance to industry standards, best practices, or competitors.

5. Root Cause Analysis (5 Whys, Fishbone Diagram) – Drill down into why processes aren’t meeting desired results.

6. Interviews & Workshops with Stakeholders – Gather insights from those directly involved in or affected by the processes.

7. KPI & Metrics Review – Analyze performance indicators to see where targets aren’t being met.

8. Value Stream Mapping – Focuses on value-added vs. non-value-added steps to highlight waste and delays.

9. Observation & Job Shadowing – Watching real-world execution to uncover hidden problems not seen in documentation.

10. Requirements Traceability – Ensures every business requirement is addressed in the current process; gaps point to missing elements.

Tip: Often, combining quantitative data analysis (metrics, KPIs) with qualitative methods (interviews, observation) gives the clearest picture of where the gaps are and why they exist.

If you’d like, I can create a ready-to-use gap analysis template that works for both business process improvement and IT projects.

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