What is a use case in business analysis?

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A Business Analyst (BA) is the bridge between the business side and the technical side, making sure both groups understand each other and stay aligned. Clear communication is the BA’s superpower, and here’s how they make it happen:

A Business Analyst (BA) plays a critical role in supporting testing and quality assurance (QA) throughout the software development lifecycle. Their involvement helps ensure that the product meets business requirements, user expectations, and quality standards. Here’s how a Business Analyst can support testing and QA 

A use case in business analysis is a detailed description of how a user interacts with a system to achieve a specific goal. It captures a sequence of actions and events that an actor (a person or another system) and the system perform to produce a result of value to the actor. Use cases are a fundamental tool for documenting and understanding functional requirements.

Key Components of a Use Case

  • Actor: The user or external system that initiates the use case. An actor can be a human user, a different software system, or a hardware device. For example, in an e-commerce system, the actor could be a "Customer."

  • Goal: The objective the actor wants to achieve. The goal should be clear and specific, such as "Purchase an item."

  • Preconditions: The conditions that must be true before the use case can begin. For example, a precondition for "Purchase an item" is that the customer must be logged into their account and have items in their shopping cart.

  • Postconditions: The state of the system after the use case is successfully completed. For the "Purchase an item" use case, postconditions would include a new order being created, the customer's credit card being charged, and a confirmation email being sent.

  • Main Success Scenario: This is the primary sequence of steps that describes the ideal path to a successful outcome. It details the step-by-step interaction between the actor and the system.

  • Alternative Flows: These describe variations of the main scenario, including both successful and unsuccessful paths. For example, an alternative flow for a purchase might be "Customer applies a discount code" or "Payment is declined due to insufficient funds."


Use Case Diagrams

Business analysts often use use case diagrams to visually represent a system's functionality. This diagram shows the system's boundary, the actors who interact with it, and the use cases they perform, all linked together. It provides a high-level overview of what the system does without getting into the nitty-gritty details of how it's implemented.

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